Vocabulary Flashcards

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Card 1 of 17

Precedent

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A tradition or example set for future actions (e.g., Washington's Cabinet, two-term limit)

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Cabinet

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Group of advisers to the president; heads of executive departments (State, Treasury, War)

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National Debt

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Money owed by the government; large debt from Revolutionary War addressed by Hamilton

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Bond

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Government note promising to repay borrowed money with interest

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Tariff

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Tax on imported goods; used to protect U.S. industries and raise revenue

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Bill of Rights

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First 10 amendments to Constitution; protects individual freedoms (1791)

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Whiskey Rebellion

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1794 farmer protest in Pennsylvania against federal excise tax on whiskey; suppressed by Washington

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Impressment

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British practice of forcing American sailors to serve in the British Navy

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Jay's Treaty

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1794 agreement with Britain: removed troops from Northwest forts, compensated for seized ships

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Pinckney's Treaty

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1795 agreement with Spain: opened Mississippi River to U.S. trade, settled border disputes

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Treaty of Greenville

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1795 pact after Battle of Fallen Timbers; Native Americans ceded Ohio/Indiana lands

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Federalists

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Political party favoring strong central government, industry, national bank, pro-British

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Republicans

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Political party (Democratic-Republicans) favoring limited government, agriculture, states' rights, pro-French

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XYZ Affair

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1797 incident where French agents demanded bribes from U.S. diplomats; sparked Quasi-War

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Quasi-War

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Undeclared naval war with France (1798-1800) following XYZ Affair

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Alien and Sedition Acts

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1798 Federalist laws restricting immigrants and making it illegal to criticize government

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Nullify

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To declare a federal law invalid; concept from Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions

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