Bill of Rights

The first 10 amendments to the Constitution. Memorize what each one protects - this WILL be on your test!

1st

Freedoms - Petition, Assembly, Press, Religion, Speech (protects personal freedom)

2nd

Right to bear arms (own a gun)

3rd

Quartering of soldiers - Soldiers can't take over your home and live there

4th

Search and arrest - People need evidence; police need a warrant to search

5th

Rights in criminal cases - No self-incrimination; no double jeopardy

6th

Right to a fair trial - Trial within a year; jury trial; confront witnesses; legal counsel

7th

Rights in civil cases - Trial by jury for disputes between people

8th

Bails, fines, punishment - Punishment and bail must fit the crime; no cruel/unusual punishment

9th

Rights retained by the people - People have rights even if not specifically written down

10th

States' rights - Powers not given to national government remain with the states

• 1st: Think "RAPPS" - Religion, Assembly, Press, Petition, Speech

• 3rd: Soldiers can't quarter (live) in your home

• 5th: You can "plead the 5th" - don't have to testify against yourself

• 6th: Right to a speedy and public trial by jury

• 10th: Powers not given to federal government belong to states

Author: James Madison presented 12 amendments to Congress

Ratified: December 1791 (10 of 12 amendments approved)

Purpose: Addressed Anti-Federalist concerns about limiting government power and protecting individual liberties

Significance: Still protects American freedoms today!